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Vat dyes are insoluble in water.  They must first be reduced and solubilized by a reducing agent in an alkaline solution before dyeing. They have a wide spectrum of colours, as well as good colouring fastness qualities on fabrics. They also have a strong affinity for cellulosic fibres and have good levelling and dispersing properties. Vat dye is one of the most significant synthetic dyes because it has high light and washing fastness.